Preheat the oven to 150°C/300°F (without fan).
Generously season the beef on all sides with sea salt and freshly cracked pepper.
Heat the oil in a large cast-iron pan or other oven-proof pan over high heat.
Sear the meat in batches until they are well browned.
Set the meat aside on a plate.
In the same pan, cook the lardon (or pancetta or bacon) until they are brown and crispy.
Add the garlic and cook for about 1 minute, or until the garlic is aromatic.
Remove the lardon and garlic with a slotted spoon to a plate.
Remove any excess oil from the pan. Leave just a few tablespoons of oil in the pan.
Add the pearl onions, and cook for a few minutes.
Use a slotted spoon to remove the onions to the same plate as the lardon.
Sprinkle over the flour and cook for a few minutes, stirring with a wooden spoon.
Add the tomato paste and continue stirring.
Pour in the wine, water and sugar.
Stir everything together and let the mixture come to a gentle simmer over medium heat.
Return the meat to the pan together with any of the juices from the meat.
Return the lardon, onions and garlic to the pan as well.
Tie the parsley, thyme and rosemary together with some kitchen string, and add this bouquet garni to the pan.
Place the cloves and peppercorns into a small muslin bag or spice pouch, or simply add them to the pan if you don’t mind fishing out these bits later.
Add the bay leaf to the pan.
Bring everything to a gentle simmer.
Cover the pan with a tight-fitting lid.
Place the pan in the oven for about 3 hours, or until the meat is tender. If you are using large pieces of beef, you may need up to 4 hours cooking time.
Check on the stew regularly to make sure it is simmering away very gently and that nothing is sticking to the bottom of the pan.
At about 2 hours, taste the sauce for seasoning and adjust as necessary.
At about 30 minutes before serving, add the mushrooms to the stew. At this stage, I find it easier to finish cooking the stew on the stove over a low heat.
Remove and discard the bouquet garni, spice pouch (if using), and bay leaf.
Taste for seasoning. Depending on how dry your red wine is, you might need a teaspoon of sugar or more.
Garnish the stew with chopped fresh parsley. Serve with Baguette Dumplings or boiled whole potatoes.